| 4,002 | 88 | 65 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
犯罪预测是警察部门进行犯罪预警与侦查的重要手段。大数据背景下的犯罪预测兼有传统犯罪预测原理和大数据分析技术的双重特色。犯罪预测大数据化改变了传统警务的执法模式,提升了犯罪预测的效率与精确度,确保了执法过程证据留痕与可追溯。与此同时,数据化的犯罪预测中存在的"黑数据"现象、数据获取过度侵犯个人隐私、算法不透明导致的歧视偏见以及数据壁垒的存在,给科学的犯罪预测造成一定风险。为应对风险,有必要优化犯罪预测中的数据选择标准,在数据收集时坚持信息"个人自决"原则和比例原则,一定范围内促进算法公开与透明,加强数据之间的交流与共享。
Abstract:[1]Sarah Brayne.Big Data Surveillance:the Case of Policing [J].American Sociological Review,2017,Vol.82(5),977-1008.
[2]Carsten Momsen & China Rennert.Big Data - Based Predictive Policing and the Changing Nature of Criminal Justice [EB/OL].https://kripoz.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/momsen-rennert-big-data-based-predictive-policing-and-the-changing-nature-of-criminal-justice.pdf.2021-01-15.
[3]Elizabeth E.Joh.Policing by Numbers:Big Data and The Fourth Amendment [J].Washington Law Review,2014,Vol.89,35-68.
[4]Alex Reshanov.How Bias Sneaks into Big-Data Policing [EB/OL].https://lifeandletters.la.utexas.edu/2020/10/how-bias-sneaks-into-big-data-policing/.2021-01-15.
[5]刘建宏.犯罪干预与预防评估系统回顾研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2015.
[6]Andrew Guthrie Ferguson.Predictive Policing and Reasonable Suspicion [J].Emory Law Journal,2012,Vol.62,Issue 2,259-325.
[7]Leslie W.Kennedy et al.,Risk Clusters,Hotspots,and Spatial Intelligence:Risk Terrain Modeling as an Algorithm for Police Resource Allocation Strategies [J].Journal of Quantitative Criminology,2011,Vol.27,339-362.
[8]Sheena Urwin.Algorithmic forecasting of offender dangerousness for police custody officers:an assessment of accuracy for the Durham Constabulary model [D].Cambridge University,2016.
[9]John Morison and Adam Harkens.Re-engineering justice?Robot judges,computerized courts and (semi) automated legal decision-making [J].Legal Studies,2019,Vol.39,Issue 4,618-635.
[10]Crime Predicting Computers [EB/OL].https://www.ebuyer.com/blog/2014/12/crime-predicting-computers/.2021-01-15.
[11]Seidensticker Kai,Bode Felix & Stoffel Florian.Predictive Policing in Germany [EB/OL].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332170526_Predictive_Policing_in_Germany.2021-01-15.
[12]Sarah Brayne and Angèle Christin.Technologies of Crime Prediction:The Reception of Algorithms in Policing and Criminal Courts [J].Social Problems,2020,https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spaa004.
[13]Janet Chan & Lyria Bennett Moses.Is Big Data Challenging Criminology?[J].Theoretical Criminology,2016,Vol.20(1),21-39.
[14]Alkesh Bharati & Dr Sarvanguru RA.K.Crime Prediction and Analysis Using Machine Learning [J].International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology,2018,Vol.5,1037-1042.
[15]Beth Pearsall.Predictive Policing:The Future of Law Enforcement?[J].NIJ Journal,2010,Issue 266,16-19.
[16][加]欧文·沃勒.智慧的犯罪控制[M].吕岩译.北京:中国法制出版社,2018.
[17]Anthony A.Braga et al.,The Relevance of Micro Places to Citywide Robbery Trends:A Longitudinal Analysis of Robbery Incidents at Street Corners and Block Faces in Boston [J].Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,2011,Vol.48,7-32.
[18]Seidensticker Kai,Bode Felix & Stoffel Florian.Predictive Policing in Germany [EB/OL].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332170526_Predictive_Policing_in_Germany.2021-01-15.
[19]Ayyan Zubair.Domain Awareness System [EB/OL].https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c1bfc7eee175995a4ceb638/t/5f170be2dc09615b852699d7/1595345890732/Domain%2BAwareness.pdf.2021-01-15.
[20]胡铭.电子数据在刑事证据体系中的定位与审查判断规则[J].法学研究,2019(2).
[21]Andrew Guthrie Ferguson.Big Data and Predictive Reasonable Suspicion [J].University of Pennsylvania Law Review,2015,Vol.163,327-410.
[22]ABA Standards for Criminal Justice:Law Enforcement Access to Third Party Records [M].American Bar Association,2013.
[23]胡铭,龚中航.大数据的基本定位与法律规制[J].浙江社会科学,2019(12).
[24]齐磊磊.大数据经验主义——如何看待理论、因果与规律[J].哲学动态,2015(7).
[25]Janet Chan & Lyria Bennett Moses.Is Big Data Challenging Criminology?[J].Theoretical Criminology,2016,Vol.20(1),21-39.
[26]Andrew Guthrie Ferguson.Big Data and Predictive Reasonable Suspicion [J].University of Pennsylvania Law Review,2015,Vol.163,327-410.
[27]Andrew Guthrie Ferguson.The Rise of Big Data Policing:Surveillance,Race,and the Future of Law Enforcement [M].New York University Press,2017.
[28]Carsten Momsen & China Rennert.Big Data - Based Predictive Policing and the Changing Nature of Criminal Justice [EB/OL].https://kripoz.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/momsen-rennert-big-data-based-predictive-policing-and-the-changing-nature-of-criminal-justice.pdf/.2021-01-15.
[29]The LAPD Has A New Surveillance Formula,Powered by Palantir [EB/OL].https://theappeal.org/the-lapd-has-a-new-surveillance-formula-powered-by-palantir-1e277a95762a/.2021-01-15.
[30]Kristian Lum & William Isaac.To Predict and Serve?[J].Significance Magazine,2016,Vol.13,14-19.
[31]Sarah Brayne.Op-Ed:One way to shrink the LAPD's budget:Cut costly and invasive big-data policing [EB/OL].https://news.yahoo.com/op-ed-one-way-shrink-100529937.html.2021-01-15.
[32]Ayyan Zubair.Domain Awareness System [EB/OL].https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c1bfc7eee175995a4ceb638/t/5f170be2dc09615b852699d7/1595345890732/Domain%2BAwareness.pdf.2021-01-15.
[33]Andrew Guthrie Ferguson.The Rise of Big Data Policing:Surveillance,Race,and the Future of Law Enforcement [M].New York University Press,2017.
[34]Andrew Guthrie Ferguson.The Rise of Big Data Policing:Surveillance,Race,and the Future of Law Enforcement [M].New York University Press,2017.
[35]Pedro Domingos.A Few Useful Things to Know About Machine Learning [J].Communications of the ACM,2012,Vol.55,78-87.
[36]Iria Giuffrida.Fredric Lederer & Nicolas Vermerys.A Legal Perspective on the Trials and Tribulations of AI:How Artificial Intelligence,the Internet of Things,Smart Contracts,and Other Technologies Will Affect the Law [J].Case Western Reserve Law Review,2018,Vol.68,747-781.
[37]Caroline Haskins.Academics Confirm Major Predictive Policing Algorithm is Fundamentally Flawed [EB/OL].https://www.vice.com/zh-CN/article/xwbag4/academics-confirm-major-predictive-policing-algorithm-is-fundamentally-flawed.2021-01-15.
[38]Police Executive Research Forum 2014.Future Trends in Policing.https://www.policeforum.org/assets/docs/Free_Online_Documents/Leadership/future%20trends%20in%20policing%202014.pdf.2021-01-15.
[39]Seidensticker Kai,Bode Felix & Stoffel Florian.Predictive Policing in Germany [EB/OL].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332170526_Predictive_Policing_in_Germany.2021-01-15.
[40]Rashida Richardson,Jason M.Schultz & Kate Crawford.Dirty Data,Bad Predictions:How Civil Rights Violations Impact Police Data,Predictive Policing System,and Justice [J].New York University Law Review,2019,Vol.94,192-233.
[41]徐明.大数据时代的隐私危机及其侵权法应对[J].中国法学,2017(1).
[42]Carsten Momsen & China Rennert.Big Data - Based Predictive Policing and the Changing Nature of Criminal Justice [EB/OL].https://kripoz.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/momsen-rennert-big-data-based-predictive-policing-and-the-changing-nature-of-criminal-justice.pdf.2021-01-15.
[43]Beth Pearsall.Predictive Policing:The Future of Law Enforcement?[J].NIJ Journal,2010,Issue 266,16-19.
[44]Katik Hosangar & Vivian Jair.We Need Transparency in Algorithms,But Too Much Can Backfire [EB/OL].https://hbr.org/2018/07/we-need-transparency-in-algorithms-but-too-much-can-backfire.2021-01-15.
[45]Rashida Richardson,Jason M.Schultz & Kate Crawford.Dirty Data,Bad Predictions:How Civil Rights Violations Impact Police Data,Predictive Policing System,and Justice [J].New York University Law Review,2019,Vol.94,192-233.
基本信息:
中图分类号:D917;D914
引用信息:
[1]胡铭,严敏姬.大数据视野下犯罪预测的机遇、风险与规制——以英美德“预测警务”为例[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2021,42(12):84-91.
基金信息:
国家社科基金重大项目“深化司法体制改革和现代科技应用相结合的难点与路径研究”(18ZDA137); 浙江大学国家制度研究院成果
2021-12-10
2021-12-10