西南民族大学学报（人文社科版）

参考文献

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①第6条第2款：“缔约方如果在自愿的基础上采取合作方法，并使用国际转让的减缓成果来实现国家自主贡献，就应促进可持续发展，确保环境完整和透明，包括在治理方面，并应运用稳健的核算，以主要依作为《巴黎协定》缔约方会议的《公约》缔约方会议通过的指导确保避免双重核算。”

②通过实施第6条第4款活动产生的减排量(A6.4ER)被授权用于上述三个目的也属于ITMOs。

③COP26指引第1条第1款f项“一参加方授权用于实现国家减排目标以外的国际减排目的(以下简称国际减排目的)或授权用于第一转让参加方确定的其他目的(以下简称其他目的)的减排成果(国际缓解目的和其他目的以下统称其他国际缓解目的)”。

④《巴黎协定》第6条第4款的碳信用机制并未具体提及环境完整性，但包括旨在保护环境完整性的若干要素，例如缓解效益是“真实的、可衡量的和长期的”;确保“附加性”;减排量应“由指定的经营实体进行验证和认证”。

⑤比如2003年欧盟碳交易体系(EU ETS)指令禁止“来自非京都缔约国的非欧盟法人和实体”直接交易欧盟碳交易体系的配额，详见Martin M.Trade law implications of restricting participation in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme.Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 19:3,p.437-474(2006).

⑥2005年因纽特人向泛美人权委员会提出诉求，要求美国赔偿因其无节制排放温室气体对因纽特人的人权侵害。Petition to the inter-American commission on human rights seeking relief from violations of the rights of arctic Athabasca peoples resulting from rapid arctic warming and melting caused by emissions of black carbon by Canada.Available at:https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/AAC_PETITION_13-04-23a.pdf last visited:July 20.2022.

⑦第20/CMA.1号决定：第30段：为了促进履行和遵守，委员会应采取适当措施，可包含以下措施：(a)与有关缔约方进行对话，旨在确定挑战、提出建议和分享信息，包括与获得资金、技术和能力建设支持有关的挑战、建议和信息；(b)协助有关缔约方与《巴黎协定》下设或服务于《巴黎协定》的适当资金、技术和能力建设机构或安排进行接触，以便查明潜在的挑战和解决办法；(c)就上文第30(b)段所述的挑战和解决办法向有关缔约方提出建议，经有关缔约方同意后酌情向有关机构或安排通报这些建议；(d)建议制订一项行动计划，并应请求协助有关缔约方制订该计划。详见：https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/conferences/past-conferences/katowice-climate-change-conference-december-2018/sessions-of-negotiating-bodies/cma-1-3#decisions_reports 2022年8月18日最后访问。