西南民族大学学报（人文社科版）

参考文献

[1]Robert Brenner,The Economics of Global Turbulence:The Advanced Capitalist Economies from Long Boom to Long Downturn,1945-2005. London and New York:Verso,2006.

[2]Thomas Piketty,Capital in the Twenty-first Century. Arthur Goldhammer trans. Cambridge,MA:Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,2014.

[3]Aihwa Ong,Neoliberalism as exception:Mutations in citizenship and sovereignty. Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2006.

[4]Aihwa Ong and Collier J. Stephen,eds. Global assemblages:Technology,politics and ethics as anthropological problems. Malden,MA:Blackwell Publishing,2005.

[5]Giovanni da Col and Graeber David,“Foreword:The return of ethnographic theory”Hau:Journal of Ethnographic Theory 1(1):vixxxv,2011.

[6]Sherry B. Ortner,“Theory in anthropology since the sixties.”Comparative Studies in Society and History 26(1):126-66,1984.

[7]Michelle Z. Rosaldo and Lamphere Louise,eds,Woman,culture and society. Stanford:Stanford University Press,1974.

[8]Rayna R. Reiter,ed,Toward an anthropology of women. New York:Monthly Review Press,1975.

[9]Raymond Williams,Marxism and literature. New York and Oxford:Oxford University Press,1977.

[10]Michel Foucault,Discipline and punish:The birth of the prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. New York:Vintage Books,1977.

[11]Bernard S. Cohn,Colonialism and its forms of knowledge:The British in India. Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1996.

[12][美]大卫·哈维.新自由主义简史[M].王钦译.上海:上海世纪出版集团、译文出版社,2010.

[13]Raymond Williams,Marxism and literature. New York and Oxford:Oxford University Press,1977.

[14]Bourdieu,et al. The weight of the world:Social suffering in contemporary society. Translated by P. P. Ferguson,et al. Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1993.

[15]James Ferguson,Expectations of modernity:Myths and meanings of urban life on the Zambian copperbelt. Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,1999.

[16]Marie Dudley Kathryn,The end of the line:Lost jobs,lives in postindustrial America. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1994.

[17]Christine J. Walley,Exit zero:Family and class in postindustrial Chicago. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2013.

[18]Jane Collins,“The age of Wal-Mart”In The insecure American:How we got here and what we should do about it,edited by Hugh Gusterson and Catherine Besteman,97-112. Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2010.

[19]Vincanne Adams,Markets of sorrow,labors of faith:New Orleans in the wake of Katrina. Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2013.

[20]Katherine S. Newman,Declining fortunes:The withering of the American dream. New York:Basic Books,1993.

[21]Hiroaki Mizushima,Net CaféRefugees and Poverty in Japan(film in Japanese). Tokyo:Nihon terebi hoso kabushiki kaisha,2007.

[22]Sherry B. Ortner,Not Hollywood:Independent film at the twilight of the American Dream. Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2013a.

[23]Lauren Berlant,Cruel optimism. Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2011.

[24]Akhil Gupta,Red tape:Bureaucracy,structural violence,and poverty in India. Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2012.

[25]Roger Lancaster,“Republic of fear:The rise of punitive governance in America”In The insecure American:How we got here and what we should do about it,edited by Gusterson Hugh and Catherine Besteman,63-76. Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2010.

[26]Naomi Klein,The shock doctrine:The rise of disaster capitalism. New York:Henry Holt and Company,2007.

[27]Roger Lancaster,“Republic of fear:The rise of punitive governance in America”In The insecure American:How we got here and what we should do about it,edited by Gusterson Hugh and Besteman Catherine,63-76. Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2010.

[28]Mike Davi,City of quartz:Excavating the future in Los Angeles. New York:Vintage Books,1992.

[29]Setha Low,“A nation of gated communities”In In The insecure American:How we got here and what we should do about it,edited by Gusterson Hugh and Besteman Catherine,27-44. Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2010.

[30]Teresa Caldeira P. R,City of walls:Crime,segregation,and citizenship in S o Paulo. Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2001.

[31]Karen Ho,Liquidated:An ethnography of Wall Street. Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2009.

[32]Richard Sennett,The corrosion of character:The personal consequences of work in the new capitalism. New York:W. W. Norton&Company,1998.

[33]Jean-Fran ois Lyotard,The postmodern condition. Translated by G. Bennington and B. Massumi. Minneapolis,MN:University of Minnesota Press,1984.

[34]David Harvey,A brief history of neoliberalism. New York and Oxford:Oxford University Press,2005.

[35]Tobias Kelly,“A life less miserable”Hau:Journal of Ethnographic Theory 3(1):213-16. Abstract,2013.

[36]Joel Robbins,“Beyond the suffering subject:Toward an anthropology of the good”Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute19(3):447-62,2013.

[37]Edward F. Fischer,The good life:Aspiration,dignity,and the anthropology of wellbeing. Stanford:Stanford University Press,2014.

[38]Harry Walker and Kaved ija Iza,“Introduction:Values of happiness.”Hau:Journal of Ethnographic Theory 5(3):1-23. Abstract,2015.

[39]Michael Lambek,“Introduction”In Ordinary ethics:Anthropology,language,and action,edited by Lambek Michael,1-36. New York:Fordham University Press,2010a.

[40]Veena Das,“Engaging the life of the other:Love and everyday life”In Ordinary ethics:Anthropology,language,and action,edited by Michael Lambek,376-99. New York:Fordham University Press,2010.

[41]Didier Fassin,“Troubled waters:At the confluence of ethics and politics”In Four lectures on ethics:Anthropological perspectives,175-210. Chicago:Hau Books,2015.

[42]Sherry B. Ortner,“Resistance and the problem of ethnographic refusal.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 37(1):173-93,1995.

[43]Dimitrios Theodossopoulos,“On de-pathologizing resistance.”History and Anthropology 25(4):415-30,2014.

[44]Dan Rabinowitz,“Resistance and the city.”History and Anthropology 25(4):472-87,2014.

[45]Charles R. Hale,“Activist research v. cultural critique:Indigenous land rights and the contradictions of politically engaged anthropology.”Cultural Anthropology 21(1):96-120,2006.

[46]Faye D. Ginsburg,Abu-Lughod Lila,and Larkin Brian,eds,Media worlds:Anthropology on new terrain. Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2002.

[47]Sherry B. Ortner,Not Hollywood:Independent film at the twilight of the American Dream. Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2013a.

[48]Michael Hardt,and Negri Antonio,Empire. Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2000.

[49]Luc Boltanski,and Eve Chiapello,The new spirit of capitalism. Translated by Gregory Elliott. London and New York:Verso,2005.

[50]Kalyan Sanyal,Rethinking capitalist development:Primitive accumulation,governmentality,and post-colonial capitalism. London and New York:Routledge,2007.

[51]Keith Hart,Jean-Louis Laville,and Antonio David Cattani,eds,The human economy. Cambridge:Polity Press,2010.

[52]Laura Bear,Karen Ho,Anna Tsing and Sylvia Yanagisako,“Generating capitalism”and“Gens:A feminist manifesto for the study of capitalism.”Fieldsights:Theorizing the contemporary,Cultural Anthropology Online,March 30,2015. http://www. culanth. org/fieldsights/652-gens-a-feminist-manifesto-for-the-study-ofcapitalism Accessed 4/3/16

[53]Ferguson James,Give a man a fish:Reflections on the new politics of distribution. Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2015.

[54]Jamie Cross,Dream zones:Anticipating capitalism and development in India. London:Pluto Press,2014.

[55]Pierre Bourdieu,Acts of resistance:Against the tyranny of the market. Translated by R. Nice. New York:The New Press,1998.

[56]David Graeber,Direct action:An ethnography. Oakland,CA:AK Press,2009.

[57]Dimitrios Theodossopoulos,Rethinking resistance in the 21st century. History and Anthropology,Special Issue 25(4),2014.

[58]Jeffrey S. Juris,Networking futures:The movements against corporate globalization. Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2008.

[59]David Graeber,Direct action:An ethnography. Oakland,CA:AK Press,2009.

[60]Arjun Appadurai,The future as cultural fact:Essays on the global condition. London and New York:Verso,2013.

[61]Hannah Appel,“Dispatches from an occupation:Ethnographic notes from occupied Wall Street”Social Text Online Journal,2012. http://www. socialtextjournal. org/blog/topics/dispatches-from-anoccupation/.

[62]Arjun Appadurai,The future as cultural fact:Essays on the global condition. London and New York:Verso,2013.

(1)本文曾在国外人类学杂志上发表过,详见Sherry Ortner.“Dark Anthropology and Its Others:Theory since the Eighties”.HAU:Journal of Ethnographic Theory,2016(6):47-73。2016年3月-2017年3月,译者获得国家留学基金委资助,在美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)人类学系跟随Nancy E.Levine教授进行访问学者研究。访学期间,译者有幸结识了该系著名人类学家Sherry B.Ortner,并获得Sherry教授允许翻译这篇文章。译文得以发表首先要感谢《西南民族大学学报》(人文社会科学版)的支持,同时也要感谢HAU:Journal of Ethnographic Theory的编辑Giovanni da Col的支持和授权翻译发表。美国语境以及全球化背景是本文在进行中文翻译以及阅读时需要特别强调的,作者Sherry也一再强调自己写作此文的美国视角。

(2)James Ferguson,Expectations of modernity:Myths and meanings of urban life on the Zambian copperbelt.Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,1999;Gérard Duménil and Lévy Dominique,Capital resurgent:Roots of the neoliberal revolution.Translated by Jeffers Derek.Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2004;David Harvey,Abrief history of neoliberalism.New York and Oxford:Oxford University Press,2005;Naomi Klein,The shock doctrine:The rise of disaster capitalism.New York:Henry Holt and Company,2007;Sherry B.Ortner,“On neoliberalism”Anthropology of this Century,Issue 1,May.2011,http://aotcpress.com/articles/neoliberalism/.

(3)如Luiz Costa and Fausto Carlos,“The return of the animists:Recent studies of Amazonian ontologies.”Religion and Society:Advances in Research 1:89-109,2010;David Graeber,“Radical alterity is just another way of saying‘reality’:A reply to Eduardo Viveiros de Castro.”Hau:Journal of Ethnographic Theory 5(2):1-41.Abstract,2015;Amira Salmond,“Transforming translations(part 2):Addressing ontological alterity.”Hau:Journal of Ethnographic Theory 4(1):155-87.Abstract,2014;Lowenhaupt Tsing Anna,The mushroom at the end of the world:On the possibility of life in capitalist ruins.Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,2015.

(4)如Purnima Mankekar,Unsettling India:Affect,temporality,transnationality.Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2015;William Mazzarella,“Affect:What is it good for”In Enchantments of modernity:Empire,nation,globalization,edited by Saurabh Dube,291-309.London:Routledge,2009;Danilyn Rutherford,“Affect theory and the empirical”Annual Review of Anthropology 45:(Volume publication date November 2016).

(5)如Clifford Geertz,The interpretation of cultures.New York:Basic Books,1973.

(6)如Eric Wolf,Europe and the people without history.Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,1982.

(7)如Dell Hymes,ed,Reinventing anthropology.New York:Pantheon Books,1972.

(8)Talal Asad,ed,Anthropology and the colonial encounter.Atlantic Highlands,NJ:Humanities Press,1973.五年后,爱德华·萨义德(Edward Said)发表《东方学》(Orientalism,1978)。此书被誉为一部极具原创性的作品,尽管作者的观点实际上与阿萨德的观点一致。

(9)另见John F.Szwed,“An American anthropological dilemma:The politics of Afro-American culture”In Reinventing anthropology,edited by Dell Hymes,153-81.New York:Vintage Books,1972.

(10)彼时,这一转变背后显然尚有诸多其他因素。针对这些因素,我们需要关注这一领域内的其他紧张关系,尤其那些围绕《写文化》(James Clifford and George E.Marcus,eds,Writing culture:The poetics and politics of ethnography.Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,1986)的出版而出现的争论。笔者从不质疑Johnny Parry对此的强调,但万分遗憾,无法在本文内就此加以讨论。

(11)Michel Foucault,Discipline and punish:The birth of the prison.Translated by Alan Sheridan.New York:Vintage Books,1977;Michel Foucault,The history of sexuality,volume I:An introduction.Translated by Robert Hurley.New York:Vintage Books,1980;Michel Foucault,The birth of biopolitics:Lectures at the Collège de France,1978-79.Translated by G.Burchell.Houndmills,UK:Palgrave Macmillan,2008;亦见Graham Burchell,Gordon Colin,and Miller Peter,eds,The Foucault effect:Studies in governmentality.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1991.

(12)如Michel Foucault,The history of sexuality,volume I:An introduction.Translated by Robert Hurley.New York:Vintage Books,1980.

(13)尤见Luther H.Martin,Gutman Huck,and Patrick H.Hutton,eds,Technologies of the self:A seminar with Michel Foucault.Amherst,MA:The University of Massachusetts Press,1988.

(14)根据作者前文所述,此处特指美国学术界而言。Sherry认为,马克思主义理论研究资本主义社会冷酷的一面,同时也对人类社会持乐观态度。而美国人类学界却仅关注其中冷酷的部分,对其积极乐观的层面视而不见---译者注。

(15)如Mahmood Mamdani,Citizen and subject:Contemporary Africa and the legacy of late colonialism.Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1996.关于族群冲突的论述;Nicholas B.Dirks,Castes of mind:Colonialism and the making of modern India.Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,2001.关于阶序的讨论。)

(16)Jean Comaroff and John Comaroff,Of revelation and revolution,volume 1:Christianity,colonialism,and consciousness in South Africa.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1991;Jean Comaroff and John Comaroff,Of revelation and revolution,volume 2:The dialectics of modernity on a South African frontier.Chicago:University of Chicago Pres,1997.关于非洲;Engle Merry Sally,Colonizing Hawai’i:The cultural power of law.Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,2000.关于夏威夷。)

(17)初学者见Bonnie Urciuoli,“Neoliberal education”In Ethnographies of neoliberalism,edited by Carol J.Greenhouse,162-76.Philadelphia,PA:University of Pennsylvania Press,2010;Hugh Gusterson and Catherine Besteman,eds,The insecure American:How we got here and what we should do about it.Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2010.

(18)见如Sherry B.Ortner,New Jersey dreaming:Capital,culture,and the Class of’58.Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2006.

(19)人类学家也已对那些“更为廉价的劳动力市场”展开研究,以Aihwa Ong,Spirits of resistance and Capitalist discipline:Factory women in Malaysia.Albany,NY:State Univerity of New York Press,1987.为起点,还包括美国-墨西哥边境劳工情况的研究(Fernández-Kelly María Patricia,For we are sold,I and my people:Women and industry in Mexico’s frontier.Albany,NY:State University of New York Press,1983;Leslie Sklair,Assembling for development:The Maquila industry in Mexico and the United States.San Diego,CA:Center for U.S.-Mexico Studies,1993;Melissa W.Wright,“The dialectics of still life:Murder,women,and Maquiladoras”In Millenial capitalism and the culture of neoliberalism,edited by Jean and John L.Comaroff,125-46.Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2001)。

(20)Brett Williams,“Body and soul:Profits from poverty”In In The insecure American:How we got here and what we should do about it,edited by Gusterson Hugh and Besteman Catherine,224-37.Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2010:230;亦见Lo c Wacquant,Punishing the poor:The neoliberal government of social insecurity.Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2009.关于“惩罚穷人”。)

(21)卯亚谊是一间给需要重回正常生活的无家可归者,提供社会援助与实际支持的收容站。

(22)该词源于Roger Lancaster,“Republic of fear:The rise of punitive governance in America”In The insecure American:How we got here and what we should do about it,edited by Gusterson Hugh and Catherine Besteman,63-76.Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2010.的标题。

(23)Nikolas Rose,“Governing‘advanced’liberal democracies”Foucault and political reason,edited by Andrew Barry,Thomas Osborne,and Nikolas Rose,37-64.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1996;Wendy Brown,“Neo-liberalism and the End of Liberal Democracy”Theory and Event 7(1),2003.doi:10.1353/tae.2003.0020.

(24)Aihwa Ong,Neoliberalism as exception:Mutations in citizenship and sovereignty.Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2006;Michel Foucault,The birth of biopolitics:Lectures at the Collège de France,1978-79.Translated by G.Burchell.Houndmills,UK:Palgrave Macmillan,2008;Bonnie Urciuoli,“Neoliberal education”In Ethnographies of neoliberalism,edited by Carol J.Greenhouse,162-76.Philadelphia,PA:University of Pennsylvania Press,2010.

(25)Aihwa Ong,Flexible citizenship:The cultural logics of transnationality.Durham,NC:Duke University Press,1999;Aihwa Ong,Neoliberalism as exception:Mutations in citizenship and sovereignty.Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2006;亦见Steven Gregory,The devil behind the mirror:Globalization and politics in the Dominican Republic.Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2007.

(26)如Teresa Caldeira P.R,City of walls:Crime,segregation,and citizenship in S o Paulo.Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,2001;Sherry B.Ortner,Not Hollywood:Independent film at the twilight of the American Dream.Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2013a.

(27)门禁社区的推广也可以解释为与新自由主义经济逻辑中对“私有化”(privatization)的需求有关。但是,经济领域的“私有化”并非个人的“隐私”(privacy),而是与将公有资产卖给私营商业有关。不过,某种程度上其结果一致:变卖公有财富或退入私人门禁社区都导致公共领域的萎缩。

(28)故事本身已骇人听闻,但根据宾夕法尼亚州现在著名的回扣方案,情况变得更加严重。该州的两个法官与当地一座私立少年拘留所所有者密谋将数以千计的儿童送进监狱,以令该所有人/看守能够收取人头费。Michael Moore(director),Capitalism:A Love Story(film).Produced by Moore Anne,Moore Michael,2009;William Ecenbarger,Kids for cash:Two judges,thousands of children,and a2.8 million kickback scheme.New York:The New Press,2012.

(29)Michael Lambek,ed,Ordinary ethics:Anthropology,language,and action.New York:Fordham University Press,2010b;Yunxiang Yan,“How far can we move away from Durkheim:Reflections on the new anthropology of morality”AOTC Issue 2,October,2011;Didier Fassin,“The ethical turn in anthropology:Promises and uncertainties.”Hau:Journal of Ethnographic Theory 4(1):429-35.Abstract,2014.

(30)彼时全球多个国家认为此次欧洲与美国武装干涉利比亚的行动并不合法。所谓“根据联合国保护责任原则”完全是一个借口,实际上是不尊重弱小国家主权---译者注。

(31)Jean Comaroff,Body of power,spirit of resistance:The culture and history of a South African people.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1985;Aihwa Ong,Spirits of resistance and Capitalist discipline:Factory women in Malaysia.Albany,NY:State Univerity of New York Press,1987;James C.Scott,Weapons of the weak:Everyday forms of peasant resistance.New Haven,CT:Yale University Press,1985;James C.Scott,Domination and the arts of resistance:Hidden transcripts.New Haven,CT:Yale University Press,1990.

(32)Sherry B.Ortner,“Generation X:Anthropology in a media-saturated world.”Cultural Anthropology 13(3):414-40,1998;Sherry B.Ortner,Not Hollywood:Independent film at the twilight of the American Dream.Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2013a.

(33)Fredric Jameson,“Postmodernism,or the cultural logic of late capitalism”New Left Review 146(July-August):53-92,1984;Jean-Fran ois Lyotard,The postmodern condition.Translated by G.Bennington and B.Massumi.Minneapolis,MN:University of Minnesota Press,1984.

(34)当然,笔者认为布迪厄是一位技术性的社会学家,但其已然在人类学占有重要地位。

(35)但见Philip S.Gorski,ed,Bourdieu and historical analysis.Durham,NC:Duke University Press,2013;Sherry B.Ortner,“Bourdieu and‘history.’”Review of Bourdieu and Historical Analysis,edited by Philip S.Gorski.Anthropology of this Century,Issue 8,October,2013b.关于布迪厄与历史的研究。http://aotcpress.com/articles/bourdieu-history/)。

(36)如Marshall Sahlins,Historical metaphors and mythical realities:Structure in the early history of the Sandwich Islands Kingdom.Ann Arbor,MI:University of Michigan Press,1981.

(37)见库里克(Kurik)的完美概述,未注明出版日期。

(38)Jeffrey S.Juris,“Reflections on#Occupy Everywhere:Social media,public space,and emerging logics of aggregation.”American Ethnologist 39(2):259-79,2012;Maple Razsa,and Kurnik Andrej,“The Occupy Movement in Zizek’s hometown:Direct democracy and the politics of becoming”American Ethnologist 39(2):238-58,2012.

(39)阿帕杜莱特别提及娜奥米·克莱恩对“资本主义灾难”(disaster capitalis)的研究。

(40)衷心感谢蒂莫西D·泰勒(Timothy D.Taylor)多次阅读此文,并提出有洞见的评论。笔者还要感谢在卢塞恩大学(University of Lucerne)以及瑞士其他地方接待我的安吉利卡·维尔利(Angelica Wehrli);在伦敦经济学院(London School of Economics)接待我的丽塔·阿斯图蒂(Rita Astuti)与查尔斯·斯塔福德(Charles Stafford);参加笔者在加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)新自由主义研讨会的学生们;不可或缺的加州大学洛杉矶分校“文化(Culture)/权力(Power)/社会变化(Social Change)”(CPSC)兴趣小组中的伙伴们。笔者还要对以下同事、朋友和读者富有助益和价值的建议表示感谢,他们是汉娜·阿佩尔(Hannah Appel),罗杰斯·布鲁巴克(Rogers Brubaker),詹姆斯·莱德劳(James Laidlaw),迈克尔·兰比克(Michael Lambek),乔纳森·帕里(Jonathan Parry),丹妮伦·卢瑟福(Danilyn Rutherford),以及杰森·斯鲁普(Jason Throop)。最后,感谢贾斯廷·戴尔(Justin Dyer)缜密而细心的文字编辑,以及最后压轴的乔凡尼·达·卡乌(Giovanni da Col)的睿智、活力、热情和他作为编辑的热心帮助。所有人及其聪慧、敏锐、渊博的反馈,极大地提高了本文的水平。作者衷心感谢Skomp讲座的慷慨资助,也感谢介绍本文初稿的印地安那大学(Indiana University)人类学系。