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因西藏以及中印关系历史问题,作为西方学术领域重要区域研究的喜马拉雅人类学尚较少被中国学者关注,随着国家"一带一路"战略的出台,喜马拉雅将成为中国一个新的学术高地。文章对西方人类学领域中的喜马拉雅研究进行梳理,指出西方人类学的喜马拉雅研究从19世纪晚期到20世纪初期经历了东方学的研究传统;从20世纪50年代到80年代经历了欧洲观察者的结构-功能时代;20世纪80年代至今演绎着多元化、多主题的学术史历程。西方人类学领域的喜马拉雅研究为人们留下了许多重要的学术遗产。
Abstract:[1]Dave Beine,“Nepal-Then and Now:A Critical Appraisal of Ethnography of Nepal”,Contributions to Nepali Studies,Vol.25,No.2(July 1998).
[2]B.H.Hodgson,Essays on the Language,Literature and Religions of Nepal and Tibet(1874),转引自Dave Beine,“Nepal-Then and Now:A Critical Appraisal of Ethnography of Nepal”,Contributions to Nepali Studies,Vol.25,No.2(July 1998).
[3]Hodgson,B.H.“On the Aborigines of the Sub-Himalayas”.Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,1847.
[4]李四龙.欧美佛教学术史——西方的佛教形象与学术源流[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2009.
[5]魏正中,萨尔吉编译.探寻西藏的心灵——图齐及其西藏行迹[M].上海世纪出版有限公司古籍出版社、意大利亚非研究院出版,2009.
[6]Bruce Mc Coy Owens,Theodore Riccardi,Jr.,Todd Thornton Lewis:Bibliography of the History and Culture of the Himalayan Region,Southern Asian Institute of Columbia University.
[7]Dave Beine,“Nepal-Then and Now:A Critical Appraisal of Ethnography of Nepal”,Contributions to Nepali Studies,Vol.25,No.2(July 1998).
[8]Louis Dumont,Nepal Compared to India:The Newar and Others.In:Marriage in India:The Present State of the Question.Contributions to Indian Sociology;March 1964;7.
[9]梁永佳.路易·杜蒙论印度种姓制[J].民俗研究,2005(1).
[10][挪威]弗雷德里克·巴特等.人类学的四大传统——英国、德国、法国和美国的人类学[M].高丙中等译.北京:商务印书馆,2008.
[11]温士贤.田野中的故事与故事中的田野——读《在印度部落中生活——一位人类学家的自传》[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2009(3).
[12]苏发祥.英国藏学研究概述[J].中国藏学,2008(3).
[13]满莹.尼泊尔和喜马拉雅人类学评介[J].南亚研究季刊,1995(2).
[14][美]戈尔斯坦.利米半农半牧的藏语族群对喜马拉雅山区的适应策略[J].坚赞才旦(何国强)译.西藏研究,2002(3).
[15]Eickstedt,E.von.The Races and Types of the Western and Central Himalayas.Man in India;October-December 1926;6(4).
[16]Fredrik Barth,“The System of Social Stratification in Swat,North.Pakistan”in:Edmund R.Leach,Ed.Aspects of Caste in South India,Ceylon and North West Pakistan.Cambridge:The University Press;1960.
[17][挪威]弗里德里克·巴特.斯瓦特巴坦人的政治过程:一个社会人类学研究的范例[M].黄建生译.上海:上海人民出版社,2005.
[18]Fredrik Barth,Ethnic Groups and Boundaries:The Social Organization of Culture Difference.Bergen:Universitetsforlag and Boston:Little,Brown&Co.1969.
[19][印度]雷格胡维尔·辛哈.喜马拉雅南麓的宗教与文化[M].伍昆明,李坚尚译.中国社科院民族研究所民族研究室,1984.
[20]Ganesh Man Gurung,Polyandry,Adaptability and Environment:A Case Study of Tangin,A Himalayan Village in Nepal,Journal of Contributions to Nepali Studies,Volume 20,Number 2,July 1993.
[21]Francis Khek Gee Lim“Hotels as Sites of Power:Tourism,Status,and Politics in Nepal Himalaya”,Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute(N.S.)13,2007.
[22]Francis Khek Gee Lim“Hotels as Sites of Power:Tourism,Status,and Politics in Nepal Himalaya”,Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute(N.S.)13,2007.
[23]Sherry B.Ortner,Life and Death on Mt.Everest:Sherpas and Himalayan Mountaineering,Princeton University Press,2001.
1 据哥伦比亚大学布鲁斯·欧文斯(Bruce Mc Coy Owens)等学者整理的《喜马拉雅区域的历史与文化文献目录》所载。Bruce Mc Coy Owens,Theodore Riccardi,Jr.,Todd Thornton Lewis:Bibliography of the History and Culture of the Himalayan Region,Southern Asian Institute of Columbia University.
2 Kirkpatrick.W,An Account of the Kingdom of Nepaul Being the Substance of Observation Made During A Mission to Thant Country,in the Year 1793(1811),London:W.Miller,1969 reprint.
3 Brownrigg,H.S.Routes in Nepal,Bhutan Tibet,Sikkim,Burma Between Assam and Burma.Calcutta:1878.
4 Crooke,William.“The Hill Tribes of the Central Indian Hills”.Journal of the Royal Asiatic Institute;1899;28:220-48.
5 Graham,J.A.On the Threshold of Three Closed Lands:The Guild Outpost in the Eastern Himalayas.Edinburgh:Clark;1897.
6 Wilson Andrew,The Abode of Snow:Observations of a Journey from Chinese Tibet to the Indian Caucasus Through the Upper Valleys of Himalayas.London:William Blackwood:1875.
7 Eickstedt,Egon V.The Races and Types of the Western and Central Himalayas.Man in India;1926,6(4).
8 见William J.Fisher,Ed.Himalayan Anthropology:The Indo-Tibetan Interface.The Hague,Paris:Mouton;1978.
9 Louis Dumont,Homo Hierarchicus:An Essay on the Caste System,Chicago:University of Chicago,1970.
10 Furer-Haimendorf,Christoph von,The Aboriginal Tribes of India(Birdwood Memorial Lecture).Journal of the Royal Society of Arts;1950;98:997-1011.
冯C.菲勒尔-海门道夫《喜马拉雅的蛮境》,伦敦约翰穆勒出版社1955年。
该研究曾荣获温纳格林人类学研究基金的资助。
Furer-Haimendorf,C.von,Morals and Merit:A Study of Values and Social Controls in South Asian Societies London:Weidenfield and Nicholson,1967.
克里斯托夫·冯·菲尤勒-海门道夫著《阿帕塔尼人和他们的邻族——喜马拉雅山东部的一个原始社会》,吴泽霖译,(油印),1980年1月北京。
克里斯托夫·冯·菲尤勒-海门道夫著《尼泊尔舍尔巴的经济生活——喜马拉雅山区的贸易者(一至四章)》,吴泽霖译,(油印),出版社:不详,出版时间:1979年7月。
Melvyn C.Goldstein,A History of Modern tibet,1913-1951:The Demise of the Lamaist state,University of California Press,1989.
[美]梅尔文·C·戈尔斯坦(Melvyn C.Goldstein)《喇嘛王国的覆灭》,杜永彬译,北京:中国藏学出版社,2005年出版。
Furer-Haimendorf,C.von,Between the Tree-Line and the Snow:The Hardy Sherpas of the Everest Region.Illustrated London News;July 30 1955;226:1042-1044;The Role of the Monastery in Sherpa,Sherpa Society.Ethnolgica;1960;12-28;The Sherpas of Nepal:Buddhist Highlanders.London:J.Murray;1964 etc.
Fredrik Barth,Indus and Swat Kohistan:An Ethnographic Survey.Oslo:Forende Trykkerier;1956.
Fredrik Barth,Political Leadership among Swat Pathans.London:Athlene Press,1959.
参见南希·列维尼《尼泊尔藏族一妻多夫制中父子间亲属关系的价值及其确认》,载于《国外藏学研究译文集》(第十三辑)。
http://biblio.co.uk/book/tn-madan-omnibus-hinduhouseholder-tn/d/436223009。
印度东北边境特区,即麦克马洪线以南约九万平方公里的地区,曾属西藏地方政府管辖的门隅、洛渝、察隅的大部分地方,1970年代印度在该特区设阿鲁那查尔邦。
[奥地利]勒内·德·内贝斯基.沃杰科维茨著《西藏的神灵和鬼怪》,谢继胜译,拉萨:西藏人民出版社1996年出版。
Berreman,Gerald.D.Hindus of the Himalayas.Berkeley,Los Angeles:University of California Press;1963.
Alan Macfarlane,Resources and Population:A study of the Gurungs of Nepal.Cambridge University Press 1976.
Julian Jacobs with Alan Macfarlane,Sarah Harrison and Anita Herle,The Nagas:Hillpeoples of Northeast India,Edition Hansjog Mayer,P.O.Box 13 11 13,7000 StuttgartⅠ.
Poffenberger,M.Patterns of Interaction:Demography,Ecology and Society in the Nepal Himalaya.Unpublished Ph.D.Dissertation:University of Michigan;1976.
Melvyn C.Goldstein and Messerschmidt,D.A,“The Significance of Latitudinality in Himalayan Mountain Ecosystems”,Human Ecology;1980;8(2).
Beall,C.M.;Goldstein,M.C.Fraternal Polyandry in Northwest Nepal:A Test of Socio-Biological Theory.American Anthropologist;1981;83(1):5-12.
Goldstein,Melvyn C.and Cynthia M.Beall.“The Effect of High Altitude on Fecundity and Fertility in the Himalayas:Myths and Realities”.Contributions to Nepalese Studies;December 1982 and June 1983;10(1-2):21-42.
该期刊创刊于1973年,一直以来是喜马拉雅研究中较有影响的学术期刊。由在尼泊尔加德满都的特里布万大学(Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies)“尼泊尔及亚洲研究中心”(CNAS)出版,至2006年共出版33辑。印数少,很难获得,只有极少数的大学图书馆能配齐完整的一套。数字喜马拉雅项目将其数字化,发布在网站,可免费下载。
Kaur,Jagdish.Himalayan Pilgrimages and the New Tourism.New Delhi;Himalayan;1985
Sherry B.Ortner,Life and Death on Mt.Everest:Sherpas and Himalayan Mountaineering,Princeton University Press,2001.
Sherry B.Ortner,Sherpas through their Rituals,?Cambridge University Press;1ST edition,1978;And High Religion:A Cultural and Political History of Sherpa Buddhism,Princeton University Press,1989.
Pratyoush Onta,“Interview with Alan Macfarlane”,http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/FILES/alanrev2.htm,3 April 2003.
谭中《习近平访印料形成中印伙伴合作新高潮》,《新加坡联合早报》,2014年09月12日,http://www.zaobao.com/forum/expert/tan-zhong/story20140912-388143。
谭中《中国与印度“巩固睦邻友好”的前景》,《新加坡联合早报》,2013年11月28日,http://www.zaobao.com/forum/expert/tan-zhong/story20131128-281882。
基本信息:
中图分类号:C912.4
引用信息:
[1]沈海梅.西方人类学领域的喜马拉雅研究学术史[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2015,36(08):1-9.
基金信息:
云南民族大学创新团队项目“喜马拉雅向东延伸地带的性别、环境与发展”阶段性成果
2015-08-10
2015-08-10