西南民族大学学报（人文社科版）

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①运动移情可以定义为在观察他人期间对富有表现力的肢体语言的自动模仿和同步，如打哈欠动作的传染。

②乔纳森·海特认为，道德判断主要由直觉引起，理性随后为之辩护，而不是先有理性才做出道德判断。参见：[美]乔纳森·海特《象与骑象人》,杭州：浙江人民出版社，2012年，28-29页。

③相关研究参阅Abramson L,Uzefovsky F,Toccaceli V,et al.“The genetic and environmental origins of emotional and cognitive empathy:Review and meta-analyses of twin studies”.In Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,No.114,2020;Melchers M ,Montag C,Reuter M,et al.“How heritable is empathy?Differential effects of measurement and subcomponents”.In Motivation and Emotion,No.5,2016;颜志强、苏彦捷《认知共情和情绪共情的发展差异：元分析初探》,《心理发展与教育》,2021年第1期。

④心智能力指个体的思维方式(如直觉型与分析型)、认知灵活性以及理解他人心理状态(如信念、欲望、意图)的能力。

⑤本模型图由作者整理绘制。说明：a模型角色中，括号外为主要角色，括号内为次要角色，例如在自传播中，目标对象既是被共情者也是传者，但主要是被共情者；b第二栏与第四栏框线中的共情沟通机制同时发生，各有侧重，在传者视角主要强调情绪和认知共情感受的转译，在受者视角主要强调共情传播的影响因素如何影响共情准确性；c虚线内经历反馈循环后的第二轮共情传播并不一定会发生。

⑥认知风格描述的是个体感知、组织和对刺激的反应方式，是“形式”或“过程”,而不是认知的“内容”或“水平”,相关研究参见：Decety J,William Ickes(eds.).The Social Neuroscience of Empathy.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,2011,p36.