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随着后冷战时期欧盟的东扩,欧盟少数民族问题治理日益成为一个重要议题。在此背景下,欧洲的非政府组织在少数民族问题治理中开始发挥重要的作用。本文通过相关案例分析,认为欧洲非政府组织完善了对欧洲"少数民族"概念的全面理解,在支持与保护少数民族权利、倡导或监督有关政策的落实以及促进多元社会的融合等方面发挥了积极和务实的作用。因此,欧洲非政府组织已经成为欧盟少数民族问题治理中的重要角色,从而在一定程度上成为推动欧洲一体化顺利发展的重要力量之一。
Abstract：[1]Council of Europe.Framework Convention For The ProtectionOf National Minorities,5th edition,Strasbourg:Council of Europe Pub-lishing,2008.
[2]杨友孙.欧盟东扩及其少数民族保护的问题与出路:以中东欧“2005-2015年罗姆人融入十年倡议”的初期实施为例[J].外交评论,2008(4).
[3]周炜.欧洲宪法性条约中的少数人语言权益保护机制[J].西北民族研究,2009(2).
[4]A Test to Multiculturalism.Wall Street Journal Europe.Dec.10,2004.
[5]Richard Jones,Welhengama Gnanapha.Ethinic Monority inEnglish Law.Staffordshire:Trentham Books Limited,2000.
[6]Marc Weller,Denika Blacklock.The Protection of Minorities inthe Wider Europe.New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2008.
[7]News,Minorities in the news:NGO declaration on the Frame-work Convention for the Protection of National Minorities“少数人权利团体国际”网站,(2008-10-28)[2011-01-02].
[8]http://www.minorityrights.org/7419/minorities-in-the-news/ngo-declaration-on-the-framework-convention-for-the-protection-of-national-minorities.htm;l“Who are minorities?”[2011-01-02].
[9]“欧洲罗姆人政策联盟”网站,http://erpc.wieni.be/,[2011-01-02].
[10]http://www.minorityrights.org/566/who-are-minorities/who-are-minorities.htm;l“Our Work,For Minorities:Information forcampaigners”.[2011-01-02].http://www.minorityrights.org/456/for-minorities/information-for-campaigners.htm;l“News:Mi-norities in the news:Chagos Islanders win right to return-British courtrules in their favour”.(2007-05-23)[2011-01-03].http://www.minorityrights.org/1120/minorities-in-the-news/chagos-is-landers-win-right-to-return-british-court-rules-in-their-favour.htm;l“News:Press releases:Bosnian election system discrimina-tory and must be changed–MRG”.(2010-10-01)[2011-01-03].
[11]Roma Virtual Network:overview and perspectives“罗姆人虚拟网络”网站,http://www.valery-novoselsky.org/romavirtualnet-work.html.[2011-01-02].
[12]http://www.minorityrights.org/10311/press-releases/bosnian-election-system-discriminatory-and-must-be-changed-mrg.htm;l“News:Minorities in the news:Czech Republicfaces charges of discrimination against Roma children at EU court”.(2007-01-17)[2011-01-03].
[13]http://www.minorityrights.org/1800/minorities-in-the-news/czech-republic-faces-charges-of-discrimination-a-gainst-roma-children-at-eu-court.html,and“News:Minoritiesin the news:MRG hails'stunning legal victory'as European Court of Hu-man Rights finds Czech Republic has discriminated against Roma chil-dren”.(2007-11-14)[2011-01-02].
[14]http://www.minorityrights.org/4233/minorities-in-the-news/mrg-hails-stunning-legal-victory-as-european-court-of-human-rights-finds-czech-republic-has-discriminated-against-roma-children.htm;l“News:Press releases:EuropeanRoma Policy Coalition calls for a European Roma strategy”.(2010-09-17)[2011-01-03].
[15]http://www.minorityrights.org/10295/press-releases/eu-ropean-roma-policy-coalition-calls-for-a-european-roma-strategy.html.
[16]About Us.“欧洲青年论坛”网站,http://www.youthforum.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=818&Itemid=29&lang=en;“Campaigns:Make it Youth-ful”.[2011-01-03].
[17]http://www.youthforum.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=436%3Amake-it-youthful&catid=56%3Acampaigns&Itemid=53&lang=en.
①1993年6月22日,欧盟首脑哥本哈根会议通过了中东欧国家入盟的三项基本标准:(1)拥有捍卫民主稳定的机构、法治、人权、尊重和保护少数民族;(2)拥有行之有效的市场经济,以及应对欧盟内部竞争压力和市场力量的能力;(3)履行成员国职责的能力,包括恪守政治、经济和货币联盟的宗旨。
②查戈斯群岛是英属印度洋领地。1966年英美两国达成协议,英国将迪戈加西亚岛租给美国50年。至1973年,在查戈斯群岛生活了数百年的约2000名居民被驱逐出家园。参见“少数人权利团体国际”网站:“Minorities in the news:Chagos Islanders”.http://www.minorityrights.org/489/minorities-in-the-news/chagos-islanders.html.(2008-07-24)[2011-01-03].
③参见中国共青团网:“国际青年与青年工作动态”第36期.http://www.ccyl.org.cn/bulletin/gjb_gjqn/200911/t20091112_310874.htm.(2008-12-23)[2010-11-22].
基本信息:
中图分类号:C912.2;D562
引用信息:
[1]赵纪周.欧洲非政府组织与欧盟少数民族问题治理[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2011,32(04):12-17.
2011-04-10
2011-04-10